Resumo
Introdução: A hipotermia em procedimentos cirúrgicos (HPC) é definida como uma queda da temperatura corpórea central para um valor abaixo de 36°C nos períodos perioperatório e pós-operatório. A hipotermia, mesmo em grau leve, poderia aumentar a incidência de infecções em feridas cirúrgicas, eventos isquêmicos do miocárdio no pós-operatório, perda de sangue durante a cirurgia e prolongamento da recuperação pós-operatória. Assim sendo, fornecer e manter a normotermia no período perioperatório e pós-operatório é importante para a obtenção de resultados cirúrgicos ideais, bem como para a segurança e satisfação do paciente.
Proposição: Sintetizar as evidências clínicas relacionadas à prevenção da HPC.
Discussão: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura médica especializada, de caráter exploratório, que utilizou a base de dados PUBMED para seleção dos artigos revisados, empregando a seguinte estratégia: hypothermia[title] AND prevention[title] AND (operative OR surgery OR surgical). Foram incluídos na revisão 16 ensaios clínicos publicados nos últimos 10 anos. As evidências apresentadas demonstraram a eficácia de várias abordagens para prevenção da HPC, como por exemplo, o uso de cobertores de aquecimento com ar forçado (FAW), mantas térmicas e sistemas de aquecimento combinados.
Conclusão: Embora tenham sido observadas variações nos resultados de temperatura corporal central e incidência de hipotermia entre os diferentes métodos e configurações, em geral, todos demostraram algum grau de sucesso na prevenção da HPC.
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