Abstract
Background: Congenital malformations are defects in the development of organs and body regions present from birth. Genetic and environmental factors can cause malformations, with some phenotypic associations sharing common etiological mechanisms. Understanding the epidemiological profile of malformations is essential for prevention campaigns and systematic care.
Aim: To identify the epidemiological profile of congenital malformations diagnosed in the Gynecology and Obstetrics Department of a University Hospital located in the city of Bragança Paulista – SP, Brazil.
Method: This is a retrospective, descriptive, and quantitative study that includes internal notifications of congenital malformations identified in the fetuses of pregnant women treated at the Gynecology and Obstetrics Service of the Hospital Universitário São Francisco na Providência de Deus – HUSF.
Results: The sample of this study consisted of 95 malformation notifications, 21 in 2017 (22.11%), 10 in 2018 (10.53%), 10 in 2019 (10.53%), 13 in 2020 (13.69%), 12 in 2021 (12.63%), 14 in 2022 (14.73%) and 15 in 2023 (15.78%). The frequency of malformations in 2017 was significantly higher than that observed in the rest of the years evaluated (p = 0.04). The average maternal age during the studied period was 29.3 ± 7.4 years. The most commonly identified malformations were those occurring in structures of the central nervous system, as well as those identified in the cardiovascular system.
Conclusion: In our study, the most frequent malformations were associated with structures of the central nervous system, as well as cardiovascular structures. Despite the fact that this specific survey did not evaluate risk factors in pregnant women, it is noteworthy that contact with agricultural products may be associated with malformations, suggesting the need to create campaigns to inform pregnant women about the dangers of exposure to these compounds.
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